Vietnam has exported steel products to more than 30 markets in the world, with about 25-30% of its steel exports going to the EU market.

In 2023, Vietnam exported over 2.5 million tonnes of steel to the EU market, nearly doubling from 2022. Since the Free Trade Agreement between Vietnam and the EU (EVFTA) that took effect in August 2020, Vietnam has continuously expanded its market share in the EU, making it one of the main export markets of Vietnamese steel.

However, from mid-2023, especially this year, Vietnam's steel export to the EU market has faced many challenges.

Mr. Pham Cong Thao, Deputy General Director of the Vietnam Steel Corporation (VNSteel), said that export volume of Vietnamese steel to the EU accounted for 23% of total exports in 2023. However, from mid-2023, exports to this market have faced two major barriers, which are safeguard measures and the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM).

He said CBAM will aim to impose a carbon tax on all goods imported into EU countries, based on the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions in the production process in the host country.

According to CBAM, in phase 1, the manufacturers of steel products for export, including Vietnam, must declare their emission levels. In the next phases, they must have CBAM emission certificates from 2026. Buying this certificate will increase production costs, leading to difficulty in price competition. So, businesses must plan to reduce carbon emissions in production Thao said.

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To meet CBAM regulations, Mr. Binh also said the steel manufacturers must continue to comply with regulations at the Law on Environmental Protection, Decree 06/2022/ND-CP and Decision 01/2022/QD-TTg, the National Strategy on Climate Change and Vietnam's commitments at COP26.

At the same time, Vietnam needs to have a set of product quality standards according to regulations on goods quality management.

Mr. Dinh Quoc Thai, Vice Chairman and General Secretary of the Vietnam Steel Association, said Vietnam's steel manufacturing enterprises have been improving production technology to reduce raw material and energy consumption to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

By 2035, they will gradually use green energy such as rooftop energy and renewable energy for production, as well as gradually applying a number of new technologies to reduce emissions.

Another barrier is that the EU continues to maintain safeguard measures on steel imported into the EU until June 30, 2024. 

To avoid safeguard duties, Vietnam will have to maintain the export volume at below 3% of the total EU import turnover for each type of steel product. If the export volume exceeds the quota, the import tax for the excess is 25%.

Therefore, the Vietnam Steel Association recommends the Government have policies encouraging steel manufacturers to upgrade production techniques and technology to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. 

It also proposes that the Government continue to support businesses by issuing trade remedy measures on the domestic market to limit cheap and poor-quality steel.

According to the association, the steel industry is likely to recover slightly in 2024 with an increase of 7% to 21.7 million tonnes in steel consumption and nearly 29 million tonnes in steel production./.